THE GOVERNING PRINCIPLES APPEARING IN TIPITAKA

Abstract

This research aimed to : 1) To analyze the concepts and general theories about governance. 2) To analyze the principles of governance that appear in the Tipitaka. 3) To create knowledge about the principles of governance that appear in the Tipitaka. This is a qualitative research by collecting document data, in-depth interviews with 25 persons, and organizing a focus group discussion with 10 persons. The research instruments used were interview forms, and data was analyzed by descriptive methods. The research results found that: 1) The concepts and general theories about governance must apply the principles of morality and ethics to governance, especially for monarchical rulers. 2) The principles of governance that appear in the Tipitaka are the principle of self-administration, applying the ten royal virtues: charity, morality, donation, honesty, gentleness, perseverance, non-anger, non-violence, patience, and non-delusion to governance. The principles of people management apply the principle of the Rajasangaha to the ruler's principle of helping the people. The principles of administration apply the principles of imperial conduct and refraining from bias. 3) Mohakati is biased because of delusion, and (4) Bhayakati is. biased because of fear 3) Presentation of principles of government as appeared in the Tipitaka. Through a model called APPE Model consisting of A = Administration (Sappurisadhamma 7, Apariha- niyadhamma 7, Good Governance), P = Performance (Iddhipada 4, Sangha Vatthu 4, Bias 4, Akusala – Dhammapada 10, Aparihaniyadhamma 7, Precepts 5) P= Participation (Akusa lakarma 10, Aparihaniyadhamma 7, Sangahavatthu 4, Saraniyadhamma 7, Brahmavihara 4) and E = Equality (Dharmadhipaya, Aparihaniyadhamma 7 (in part 5 and 7), Sanghaha Vatthu)