The Development of a Community Participation-Based Health Promotion Model for the Elderly in Ban Kham Subdistrict, Chatturat District, Chaiyaphum Province

Abstract

This participatory action research (PAR) aimed to examine the health status and quality of life of the elderly, develop a health promotion model through community participation, and identify factors contributing to successful implementation. The study applied the participation concept of Cohen and Uphoff as the conceptual framework. A purposive sample of 60 participants was recruited, including 20 elderly, 18 caregivers, and 22 stakeholders involved in elderly care within the community. Research instruments consisted of the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI, a holistic well-being assessment questionnaire, in-depth interview guidelines, and focus group discussion guidelines. Content validity was verified by experts with Item-Objective Congruence Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed that, prior to the intervention, most elderly had chronic diseases and lower physical quality-of-life scores compared with other domains. After implementation, overall and domain-specific well-being and quality-of-life scores significantly improved (p - value < 0.05). The developed model consisted of four stages: 1) situation and needs assessment, 2) collaborative planning with community stakeholders, 3) implementation of capacity-building activities and community health innovations, and 4) continuous monitoring and evaluation. Community stakeholders reported a high level of satisfaction with the program (  = 4.27, S.D. = 0.60). The findings suggest that a community participation-based health promotion model may contribute to improving the well-being and quality of life of the elderly in the community.