The Four Noble Truths and the Resolution of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Abstract

            This academic article aims to analyze the root causes and propose a strategic framework for conflict resolution in the Russia-Ukraine war by applying the Four Noble Truths (Ariya-Sacca) as a systematic analytical methodology. Utilizing documentary analysis and Buddhist philosophical interpretation, the study addresses the escalating global humanitarian crisis, where mainstream international relations theories primarily those centered on power politics and national strategic interests have proven insufficient in fostering genuine and sustainable peace. The findings reveal that the conflict is not merely a military phenomenon but represents a complex state of “Structural Dukkha” (Suffering), encompassing physical casualties, global economic collapse, and profound international socio-psychological distress. The root causes, or “Samudaya,” are deeply embedded in the Three Unwholesome Roots (Akusala-mula): Greed (Lobha), manifesting as a thirst for power and territorial hegemony; Hatred (Dosa), appearing as destructive vengeance; and Delusion (Moha), fueled by sophisticated disinformation and propaganda. These roots are compounded and prolonged by “Papanca” (Conceptual Proliferation), acting as a detrimental psychological and structural barrier to diplomatic dialogue. The desirable state, or “Nirodha” (Cessation), is identified not as a temporary military ceasefire, but as the attainment of “Nippapanca,” where conflicting parties transcend ego-driven identities and ultranationalist ideologies to recognize Global Interdependence. This realization, rooted in the principle of Dependent Origination (Paticcasamuppada), signifies that the security of one sovereign state is inextricably linked to the collective security of others. Consequently, this article contributes a novel perspective by proposing the “Magga” (Path) framework as an integrated ethical-diplomatic strategy. It recommends incorporating Right View (Samma Ditthi) and Right Speech (Samma Vaca) into international governance to deconstruct unwholesome power structures and establish a sustainable, just equilibrium of peace. For practical application, the study concludes that individuals can resolve interpersonal conflicts through “Mindful Communication.” This involves recognizing mental proliferations driven by anger and bias (Papanca), de-escalating the ego to embrace diverse perspectives, and engaging in aesthetic dialogue to transform confrontation into mutual understanding, establishing a foundation for sustainable peace from the individual to the societal level.