School Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica and Brazil through a Literature Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the school disaster risk reduction in selected countries across Asia (Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Taiwan) and the Americas (Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, and Brazil), following the guidelines of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This research is a desk review, conducted by searching Google Scholar for relevant literature published between 2020 and 2024. As these countries have different structural vulnerabilities and policy capacities to manage disaster risk reduction in schools, The research findings indicate that the overall approach to disaster risk management in schools involves three key areas: 1) government promotion of disaster management in educational institutions; 2) fostering awareness and participation in preparedness training and drills; and 3) developing curriculum content and textbooks aligned with current disaster scenarios. When examined by continent, Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Taiwan in Asia primarily emphasize two main aspects of preparedness: 1) promoting awareness and participation in disaster preparedness training; and 2) developing curriculum content and textbooks to align with current situations. Conversely, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba, and Brazil in the Americas predominantly focus on government promotion of disaster management in educational institutions as their primary approach to disaster response.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Aguilar Muñoz, V., Carby, B., Castellanos Abella, E., Cardona, O. D., López-Marrero, T., Marchezini, V., Meyreles, L., Olivato, D., Trajber, R., & Wisner, B. (2020). Success, innovation and challenge: School safety and disaster education in South America and the Caribbean. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44, 101-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101395
Asian Disaster Reduction Center. (2023). Natural Disasters Data Book 2020.
https://www.adrc.asia/publications/annual/20/20eng/pdf/7-2E.pdf
Barriga Delgado, L. M., Pavlova, I., Yasukawa, S., & Esperancinha, S. (2023). Establishment of
the disaster risk reduction unit in UNESCO and UNESCO’s contribution to global resilience. In K. Konagai, H. Yagi, T. Doy, & R. Ohno (Eds.), Progress in landslide research and technology, Vol. 1 (pp. 209–213). Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_15
Chen, M. K., & Wu, C. C. (2024). Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM) into Indigenous Education for Sustainability: The Development and Implementation of a Curriculum Based on Disaster Prevention for Young Children. Sustainability, 16(21), 9186. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219186
Chmutina, K., Hogg, J., Davey, C., Johnson, A. D., Johnson, L., & Parkes, S. (2022). Educating
disaster risk reduction in schools. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 46(4), 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2022.2037989
Dice Communications. (n.d.). Why is disaster management critical in schools?
https://dicecommunications.com/why-is-disaster-management-critical-in-schools
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. (2022). Making schools resilient to
natural disasters. https://www.gfdrr.org/en/feature-story/making-schools-resilient-natural-disasters
Kagawa, F., & Selby, D. (2020). Quality education with the planet in mind: Towards a
climate-responsive and nature-positive framework for the education system of lower-income countries. The Global Partnership for Education.
Kamaruddin, S. (2024). Disaster preparedness design in secondary school environment. JUPE:
Journal Pendidikan Mandala, 9(4), 967. https://doi.org/10.58258/jupe.v9i4.7821
Khan, A. A., Rana, I. A., & Najam, F. A. (2020). Assessing school safety against natural and
human-made hazards: A case study of Gilgit city, Pakistan. Journal of Geography and Social Sciences, 2(2), 133-147. http://www.jgss.com.pk/
Lin, L.-C., Chang, M.-C., Yang, H.-C., & Wei, M.-C. (2024). Enhancing disaster prevention learning through human-centered design: Students’ learning cognition and enjoyment in informal educational settings. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106, 104451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104451
Matsuo, P. M., & Silva, R. L. F. (2021). Disasters in Brazil? Practices and approaches in
education in risk and disaster reduction. Educação & Realidade, 46(2), e78161. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.78161
Mubarak, A. F., Amiruddin, R., & Gaus, S. (2019). The effectiveness of disaster prevention and
mitigation training for the students in disaster prone areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/235/1/012055
Muryani, C., Sarwono, & Noviani, R. (2023). Spatial distribution and analysis of safe schools in Selo District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Indonesia https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1190/1/012022
Opabola, E. A., Galasso, C., Rossetto, T., Meilianda, E., Idris, Y., & Nurdin, S. (2023). Investing in
disaster preparedness and effective recovery of school physical infrastructure. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 90, 103623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103623
Partini, D., & Hidayaht, A. N. (2024). Disaster risk reduction efforts through education in
Indonesia: A literature review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012049
Sargsyan, Z. (2022). 5 reasons why children should learn more about disaster risk reduction.
UNICEF Armenia. https://www.unicef.org/armenia/en/stories/5-reasons-why-children-should-learn-more-about-disaster-risk-reduction
Shah, A. A., Khan, N. A., Ullah, W., Khan, A., Alotaibi, B. A., Ullah, A., & Amri, A. (2024). Disaster
risk reduction education (DRRE) in elementary education of Pakistan: Challenges and scaling up endeavours. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114, 104962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104962
Shah, A., Gong, Z., Pal, I., Sun, R., Ullah, W., & Wani, G. (2020). Disaster risk management insight on school emergency preparedness – A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101805
Suharto, N. T., Slamet, P. H., Jaedun, A., & Purwanta, H. (2020). The effectiveness of a school-
based disaster risk reduction program in Indonesia: A case study in the Klaten Regency’s junior high schools. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(12), 949-962.
Tong, T. M. T., Sakurai, A., Shaw, R., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, T. H., Do, K. T., & Kieu, T. K.
(2024). Assessment of comprehensive school safety in Vietnam: From policy to practice. Progress in Disaster Science, 24, 100364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100364
Tong, T. T. M., Nguyen, D. T. H., Nguyen, H. T., & Park, T. Y. (2022). The practice of education
for disaster risk reduction in Vietnam: Lessons learned from a decade of implementation 2010–2020. In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia: Sharing Lessons of Agriculture, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Resource Management (pp. 101-112). Springer International Publishing.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024). 2023 global natural disaster
assessment report. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/2023-global-natural-disaster-assessment-report
_______. (2025). Six ways to keep your school safe when disaster strikes. https://wmo.int/media/news/six-ways-keep-your-school-safe-when-disaster-strikes
Widowati, E., Koesyanto, H., Istiono, W., Sutomo, A. H., & Sugiharto. (2023). Disaster
preparedness and safety school as a conceptual framework of comprehensive school safety. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231211209
Vidal, J., Redulla, M. J. L., Pical, K. S., Tobias, T. R., Cumilang, S. L. B., Alimpago, M. G. B.,
Ramos, L., Bergonia, A. M. Q., Queliza, A. M., Francisco, R. A. E., Concepcion, M. D., Sarabusab, K. B. C., Nasis, K. N. B., Dela Cruz, M. C. C., Abaya, M. R., & Manalo, G. N. (2023). The outlook of emerging technology in education. UNIDA Cristian Colleges. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED664934. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012056
Wang, J.-J. (2020). Promoting school’s recovery and resilience after the Chi-Chi earthquake. Disaster Prevention and Management, 29(4), 609-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-09-2019-0311
Wibowo, Y. A., Septiningrum, U. A. D., Dewi, R. P., & Ronggowulan, L. (2024). Disaster risk
reduction in elementary schools in flood-prone areas (Case: disaster risk reduction in Grogol flood-prone areas, Indonesia). In The 2nd International Conference on Disaster Management and Climate Change 2023. Indonesia.
World Meteorological Organization. (2021). Weather-related disasters increase over past 50
years, causing more damage but fewer deaths. https://wmo.int/media/news/weather-related-disasters-increase-over-past-50-years-causing-more-damage-fewer-deaths
World Meteorological Organization. (2025, March 28). Extreme weather and climate impacts
bite Latin America and Caribbean. https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/extreme-weather-and-climate-impacts-bite-latin-america-and-caribbean
