Effects of Exposure to Pornography in Junior High School Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
The development of technology and information makes it easier and easier to access pornographic content. adolescents are the group that uses the Internet the most, making them the most vulnerable to pornographic risks, which can lead to abnormal sexual behavior. This research aimed to identify of pornography exposure in junior high school students. This research was descriptive research with quantitative methods using a cross sectional approach. This study was conducted on students at SMPN 1 Capkala, Bengkayang Regency. The population in this study were all students who had been exposed to pornography at SMPN 1 Capkala, Bengkayang Regency, namely 79 people. Total sampling was used in this research. Univariate analysis was used. This research found that the majority of respondents were female (50.6%), and were in their early teens (91.1%), and 17.7% were dating. The reasons respondents accessed pornography were mostly influenced by peer invitations (50.6%), and 49.4% curiosity. As many as 65.8% of respondents accessed pornography for more than 1 hour, mostly time to accessed in the afternoon and evening (82.3%). Mobile phones are the most widely used means of accessing pornography (73.4%), and in the form of videos/films (67.1%). The effects of pornography exposure on respondents included addiction (32.9%), escalation (13.9%), desensitization and acting out (26.6%). It is recommended that health and educational services be provided in order to enhance the efficacy of programs such as PKPR, GenRe, peer counseling, and healthy school-based pornographic addiction screening.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal of applied social sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, unless otherwise stated. Please read our Policies page for more information...
References
Adarsh, H., & Sahoo, S. (2023). Pornography and Its Impact on Adolescent/Teenage Sexuality. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 5(1), 35–39. doi: 10.1177/26318318231153984
Andrie, E. K., Sakou, I. I., Tzavela, E. C., Richardson, C., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2021). Adolescents’ Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. Children, 8(10), 925. doi: 10.3390/children8100925
Aryati, H., Suwarni, L., & Ridha, A. (2019). Paparan Pornografi, Sosial Budaya, Dan Peran Orang Tua Dalam Perilaku Berpacaran Remaja Di Kabupaten Sekadau Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Kesmas (Kesehatan Masyarakat) Khatulistiwa, 6(3), 127–136.
Ashton, S., McDonald, K., & Kirkman, M. (2019). What does ‘pornography’ mean in the digital age? Revisiting a definition for social science researchers. Porn Studies, 6(2), 144–168. doi: 10.1080/23268743.2018.1544096
Astuti, R. (2019). Skrining Tingkat Adiksi Pornografi Siswa SMP DAN SMA Tahun 2017. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan, 11(2), 83–98. doi: 10.24832/jpkp.v11i2.226
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Analisis Profil Penduduk Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/
Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2020). Parental Mediation Regarding Children’s Pornography Exposure: The Role of Parenting Style, Protection Motivation and Gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 42–51. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1590795
Braithwaite, S. R., Coulson, G., Keddington, K., & Fincham, F. D. (2015). The Influence of Pornography on Sexual Scripts and Hooking Up Among Emerging Adults in College. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(1), 111–123. doi: 10.1007/s10508-014-0351-x
Bridges, A. J., Wosnitzer, R., Scharrer, E., Sun, C., & Liberman, R. (2010). Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best-Selling Pornography Videos: A Content Analysis Update. Violence Against Women, 16(10), 1065–1085. doi: 10.1177/1077801210382866
Bukenya, J. N., Nakafeero, M., Ssekamatte, T., Isabirye, N., Guwatudde, D., & Fawzi, W. W. (2020). Sexual behaviours among adolescents in a rural setting in eastern Uganda: a cross‐sectional study. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 25(1), 81–88. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13329
Camilleri, C., Perry, J. T., & Sammut, S. (2021). Compulsive Internet Pornography Use and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of University Students in the United States. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613244
Chamberlain, S. R., Lochner, C., Stein, D. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van Holst, R. J., Zohar, J., & Grant, J. E. (2016). Behavioural addiction—A rising tide? European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(5), 841–855. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.013
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187–195. doi: 10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8
Dwulit, A. D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). The Potential Associations of Pornography Use with Sexual Dysfunctions: An Integrative Literature Review of Observational Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(7), 914. doi: 10.3390/jcm8070914
Fujiana, F., Triyana Harlia Putri, Tamara Septia Chairunisa, Ridha Sri Rezeki, & Dialika Putri Miftazah. (2023). Gambaran Paparan Pornografi Pada Mahasiswa di Kota Pontianak. Jurnal Vokasi Keperawatan (JVK), 6(1), 1–6. doi: 10.33369/jvk.v6i1.27432
Gorman, S., Monk-Turner, E., & Fish, J. N. (2010). Free Adult Internet Web Sites: How Prevalent Are Degrading Acts? Gender Issues, 27(3–4), 131–145. doi: 10.1007/s12147-010-9095-7
Habesha, T., Aderaw, Z., & Lakew, S. (2015). Assessment of exposure to sexually explicit materials and factors associated with exposure among preparatory school youths in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institution based survey. Reproductive Health, 12(1), 86. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0068-x
Hammond, C. J., Mayes, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Neurobiology of adolescent substance use and addictive behaviors: treatment implications. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 25(1), 15–32. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25022184
Harkness, E. L., Mullan, B., & Blaszczynski, A. (2015). Association Between Pornography Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adult Consumers: A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(2), 59–71. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0343
Heywood, W., Patrick, K., Smith, A. M. A., & Pitts, M. K. (2015). Associations Between Early First Sexual Intercourse and Later Sexual and Reproductive Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Data. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(3), 531–569. doi: 10.1007/s10508-014-0374-3
Ioannidis, K., Treder, M. S., Chamberlain, S. R., Kiraly, F., Redden, S. A., Stein, D. J., … Grant, J. E. (2018). Problematic internet use as an age-related multifaceted problem: Evidence from a two-site survey. Addictive Behaviors, 81, 157–166. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.017
Jha, A., & Banerjee, D. (2022). Neurobiology of Sex and Pornography Addictions: A Primer. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 4(4), 227–236. doi: 10.1177/26318318221116042
Juditha, C. (2020). Cybersex Behavior in Millenial Generation. Journal Pekommas, 5(1), 47. doi: 10.30818/jpkm.2020.2050106
Kar, S., Choudhury, A., & Singh, A. (2015). Understanding normal development of adolescent sexuality: A bumpy ride. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 8(2), 70. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.158594
Klaassen, M. J. E., & Peter, J. (2015). Gender (In)equality in Internet Pornography: A Content Analysis of Popular Pornographic Internet Videos. The Journal of Sex Research, 52(7), 721–735. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2014.976781
Kohut, T., Landripet, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2021). Testing the Confluence Model of the Association Between Pornography Use and Male Sexual Aggression: A Longitudinal Assessment in Two Independent Adolescent Samples from Croatia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(2), 647–665. doi: 10.1007/s10508-020-01824-6
Mahdalena, M., Abdullah, A., & Haris, A. (2021). Analisis Determinan Adiksi Pornografi Berdasarkan Frekuensi Paparan dan Efek Paparan pada Remaja di Kota Banda Aceh. JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, 6(1), 115–124. Retrieved from https://jim.usk.ac.id/sejarah/article/view/19656/9008
Maisya, I. B., & Masitoh, S. (2020). Derajat Keterpaparan Konten Pornografi Pada Siswa SMP Dan SMA Di DKI Jakarta Dan Banten Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi, 10(2), 117–126. doi: 10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2463
Novita, E. (2018). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebiasaan Menonton Film Porno pada Remaja. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology), 4(1), 31. doi: 10.24114/antro.v4i1.9885
Okabe, Y., Takahashi, F., & Ito, D. (2021). Problematic Pornography Use in Japan: A Preliminary Study Among University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638354
Ott, M. A., & Pfeiffer, E. J. (2009). “That’s Nasty” to Curiosity: Early Adolescent Cognitions about Sexual Abstinence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 575–581. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.10.139
Owens, E. W., Behun, R. J., Manning, J. C., & Reid, R. C. (2012). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19(1–2), 99–122. doi: 10.1080/10720162.2012.660431
Pathmendra, P., Raggatt, M., Lim, M. S., Marino, J. L., & Skinner, S. R. (2023). Exposure to Pornography and Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e43116. doi: 10.2196/43116
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4–5), 509–531. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441
Pirrone, D., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M., Reitz, E., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2022). Pornography Use Profiles and the Emergence of Sexual Behaviors in Adolescence. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(2), 1141–1156. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02140-3
Pizzol, D., Bertoldo, A., & Foresta, C. (2016). Adolescents and web porn: a new era of sexuality. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 28(2), 169–173. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0003
Ramdinar, I., Suwarni, L., Selviana, S., Vidyastuti, V., & Lestari, W. (2022). Preventing Sexual Violence against Children: Parents’ Perception in Pontianak City. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social Determinants of Health - ICSDH, 182–188. Retrieved from https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2021/107589/107589.pdf
Sanyoto, H., & Hutagalung, I. (2021). Role of Peer-Group in Selective Exposure About Pornography through Internet Among Teenagers of Modern Islamic Boarding School in Tangerang City. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science and Technology in Administration and Management Information, ICSTIAMI 2019, 17-18 July 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI. doi: 10.4108/eai.17-7-2019.2303391
Suwarni, L., Abrori, A., & Widyanto, R. (2019). Determinants of the Pornography Exposure Effects on Junior and Senior High School Adolescence in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(3), 491–495.
Suwarni, L., & Selviana, S. (2015). Inisiasi Seks Pranikah Remaja Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi. KEMAS, 10(2), 169–177. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/kemas/article/view/3378/3290
Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2013). Sexually Explicit Websites and Sexual Initiation: Reciprocal Relationships and the Moderating Role of Pubertal Status. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(4), 621–634. doi: 10.1111/jora.12008
Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Helms, S. W., & Prinstein, M. J. (2016). Adolescent Susceptibility to Peer Influence in Sexual Situations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(3), 323–329. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.253
Wright, P. J., Paul, B., & Herbenick, D. (2021). Preliminary Insights from a U.S. Probability Sample on Adolescents’ Pornography Exposure, Media Psychology, and Sexual Aggression. Journal of Health Communication, 26(1), 39–46. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1887980
Yunengsih, W., & Setiawan, A. (2021). Contribution of Pornographic Exposure and Addiction to Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(1_suppl), jphr.2021.2333. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2333