AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE FOUR FOUNDATIONS OF MINDFULNESS FOR CULTIVATION SAMATHA AND VIPASSANĀ MEDITATION

Abstract

This research has the objectives are 1) study of the four foundations of mindfulness in Tri Pitaka, 2) study of the methods of Samatha and Vipassana Meditation, 3) analysis the four foundations of mindfulness for cultivation Samatha and Vipassana Meditation. The result is found that; The four foundations of mindfulness are the location of mindfulness and practices that have mindfulness as their center. The practice is to set mindfulness and diligently consider the body (Kaya), Vedana (feelings), a state of consciousness, and dharma to eliminate Apicha (covetousness) and Thomanat (sad-mindedness) in the world to achieve the development of Samatha meditation. The development of Samatha meditation is the practice of training the mind to be calm and concentrated by focusing on one thing (called an emotion) until the mind has one mood, one emotion, is calm and persistent in concentration. When the mind is fully concentrated, a high level of mental concentration, called Appana Samadhi (fixed concentration), will occur, called “Jhana (mediation)” Vipassana meditation is the practice of developing insight to gain the foundation of mindfulness until the mind is free from defilements and suffering. It is the use of insight to determine and consider the nature of the Dhamma until there is gain the foundation of mindfulness, called “Vipassana (insight-knowledge)” Satipatthana 4 for cultivation Samatha Meditation is practice Samatha meditation is practice contemplation of the body of 14 levels; it can be used as Samatha directly then use mindfulness to determine any mood and then mindfulness will fix and keep the mind to that mood until the mind is inclined and firmly fixed on the mark. Unless the mind has one mood, one emotion, is calm and persistent in concentration. When the mind is fully concentrated, called “Jhana (mediation)”.Satipatthana 4 for cultivation Samatha Meditation is practice meditation, in Kammaṭṭhāna 21 is meditation practice directly by letting the mindfulness control the emotions or keeping the mind focused on emotions.  Fix the mind as a place of emotion to present and hold emotions for discernment to consider Until the truth is realized. This is called “Vipassana” (insight-knowledge). The study issues of the three moments are: 1) Upadha (arising), 2) Thiti (standing, changing), 3) Bhankka (cessation) of form. (Vipassana) when realize as it is in the three moments, it will lead to the cultivation of the three marks of existence “form and mind”.