The Political Movement Group in Democratic and Institution Development: Patani Baru

Abstract

This research aims to 1) explain the phenomenon of transformation from social movements to institutional political groups, and 2) analyze the relationship between political parties and political groups whose members advocate for Patani independence. This study employs qualitative research methods, using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. Target participants were selected through purposive sampling, specifically members of the Patani Baru group. The findings reveal that structural political changes at the national level in 2017, which trended toward greater democratization, contrasted with the still rigid political structures in the three southern border provinces and four districts of Songkhla (Sabayoi, Nathawi, Chana, and Thepha)—areas referred to as Patani by the local Malay population. These factors were crucial in leading to the strategic adaptation and consolidation of the "Patani Baru" group. The decision of the Patani Baru group to interact or collaborate with any political party depends on the extent to which that party recognizes and accepts Patani Baru's role in managing political affairs at the local Patani level. Furthermore, the study finds that different political parties demonstrate varying levels of acceptance toward Patani Baru, influenced by different political conditions and factors.