Study the Principles of Buddhist Philosophy as appear in the Characteristics of Buddha images

Abstract

          This academic article aims to study the principles of Buddhist philosophy as reflected in the characteristics of Buddha images. The study reveals that the principles of Buddhist philosophy are the teachings of the Buddha, which are based on the truth according to natural laws. They are not beyond the natural order and can be comprehended and experienced. The focus is on practical actions in the present that can be applied to the lives of all humans who face various forms of suffering. When people do not understand the truth of existence, suffering arises. However, if one studies and understands the principles of Buddhist philosophy, which are the true natural laws, one can comprehend life and overcome dangers and suffering. These principles are subtly incorporated into the features of Buddha images created by sculptors. For example: The Usnisa (topknot) symbolizes emptiness or liberation, which refers to Lokuttara Dhamma. The Curled Hair represents problems that must be solved through the Middle Path (Majjhimapatipada), emphasizing self-reflection and balanced problem-solving. The Ears, which are elongated, teach not to be easily influenced or gullible. One should use wisdom and carefully examine problems according to the Kalama Sutta’s reasoning. The Eyes, which gaze slightly downward, serve as a reminder for constant self-reflection and control over one’s emotions through mindfulness and restraint of the senses. The Fingers, which are of equal length, signify the Buddha’s compassion towards all beings, treating everyone equally without prejudice regardless of their social status. The Feet, which are straight and perfectly formed, symbolize detachment from sensual desires and complete freedom from defilements. The characteristics of Buddha images thus subtly embody the essence of Buddhist philosophy, serving as a guide for those who seek to understand and practice the true path.