An Analytical Study of ‘Vimuttiñāṇadassana’ In the Theravāda Buddhist Scriptures

Abstract

The term Vimuttiñāṇadassana refers to a Dhamma concept associated with the realization of spiritual liberation. It is commonly understood as a superior attribute exclusive to arahants, those who have entirely eradicated defilements. However, the Tipiṭaka does not provide a specific definition or comprehensive explanation of this concept. Moreover, contemporary studies on Vimuttiñāṇadassana remain limited, resulting in a lack of detailed and structured knowledge beyond basic definitions.
This research article aims to explore and compile information on Vimuttiñāṇadassana (vision of liberation) from the Tipiṭaka. By Utilizing doctrinal textual research methods, qualitative research approaches, and interpretive content analysis, the study seeks to systematically present the concept of Vimuttiñāṇadassana in a clear and accessible manner. The primary sources for this investigation include the Tipiṭaka and Theravāda commentarial literature, supplemented by relevant later documents. The outcomes of this research are intended to benefit those interested in Dhamma studies and to support further scholarly inquiry into this subject.
Findings indicate that Vimuttiñāṇadassana refers to a reflective cognitive faculty that enables practitioners to discern which defilements have been eliminated and which remain. Challenging conventional perspectives, this faculty can manifest across varying levels of spiritual attainment—from virtuous lay practitioners (kalyāṇaputhujjana) who aspire to realize the Dhamma, to stream-enterers (sotāpanna), once-returners (sakadāgāmī), non-returners (anāgāmī), and arahants. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the process of spiritual realization and Buddhist meditative practice.