THREE CATEGORIES OF RULES FOR BUDDHIST MONKS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE CONCEPT OF HIS HOLINESS PRINCE PATRIARCH VAJIRANANAVARORASA

Abstract

          The concept of the “Three Types of Rules for Buddhist Monks,” initiated by His Holiness Prince Vajirananavarorasa, constitutes a significant intellectual framework that integrates the Vinaya (monastic discipline), secular law, and customary traditions. Its purpose is to maintain a balance between the monastic vocation and modern Thai society. This study employs qualitative methods, including documentary research, textual analysis of royal writings, Sangha declarations, and relevant legal documents, as well as comparative studies with monastic legal systems in other Buddhist countries such as Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

          The findings reveal that the Three Types of Rules are not separate or isolated systems, but rather an integrated structure that monks should adhere to simultaneously in order to preserve the integrity of the monastic order and to strengthen public faith. Furthermore, this concept resonates with the theory of legal pluralism, which recognizes the coexistence of multiple legal systems within a single society. From a policy perspective, it is recommended that the content of the Three Types of Rules be incorporated into higher education curricula for monks, particularly in the field of law at Buddhist universities. Additionally, mechanisms of cooperation between the state and the Sangha should be established to oversee Buddhist affairs, such as the creation of a joint State–Sangha committee and the enhancement of financial accountability mechanisms in temples, in order to ensure transparency and long-term stability of the monastic institution.