Sustainability Assessment of Community Based Tourism (CBT): Tum Rong Community Based Tourism Enterprise, Baan Rad, Phetchaburi

Abstract

The tourism industry serves as a primary engine for Thailand’s economic growth, with contemporary policies increasingly promoting secondary destination travel through Community Based Tourism (CBT) to stimulate grassroots economies. This research aims to evaluate the sustainability of CBT activities at the Tham Rong Community-Based Tourism Enterprise in Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province. The evaluation framework is based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria for Destination (GSTC-D), encompassing four critical pillars: sustainable management, socio-economic impacts, cultural heritage, and environmental conservation. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight key informants, supplemented by on-site field observations to ensure holistic data triangulation. The findings indicate that CBT initiatives have yielded significant positive socio-economic outcomes, particularly in job creation and supplemental income generation under the distinct identity of the "Toddy Palm Way of Life." Socially, the enterprise plays a vital role in preserving local traditions and enhancing the well-being of the elderly, who serve as community sages. Environmentally, no adverse impacts were observed due to manageable tourist volumes. However, an assessment against the GSTC-D standards reveals substantial challenges in sustainable management. Specifically, there is a marked absence of formalized strategic roadmaps, operational action plans, and systematic risk management protocols. Furthermore, the study identifies limitations regarding accessibility for vulnerable groups and climate-related risks that may threaten future toddy palm productivity. To address these gaps, the researcher proposes the development of a participatory strategic development plan and proactive environmental risk mitigation strategies. Strengthening these management frameworks is essential to elevating local tourism standards to international benchmarks, ensuring long-term resilience and genuine sustainability for the Tham Rong community. These insights offer valuable guidance for local administrators and tourism policymakers in fostering sustainable destination management.