The Development of an Instructional Model based on The Four Noble Truths to enhance Creative Writing Ability and Self-Esteem among Students of The Elderly School in Phitsanulok Province

Abstract

This research article aimed to: (1) investigate the current conditions, desirable conditions, and priority needs for developing a learning management model based on the Four Noble Truths; (2) develop a learning management model based on the Four Noble Truths; (3) implement the developed learning management model; and (4) evaluate the developed model. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology. The target groups in Phase 1 consisted of: (1) 10 teachers from elderly schools in Phitsanulok Province, and (2) 75 elderly students from elderly schools in Phitsanulok Province, selected through multistage sampling. The target group in Phase 2 comprised 11 experts who examined the appropriateness of the model through a connoisseurship seminar. The target groups in Phase 3 included: (1) 50 elderly students from Romsamohwittaya Elderly School, Phitsanulok Province, in the 2025 academic year, and (2) 5 observing teachers, selected through purposive sampling. The target group in Phase 4 consisted of 10 teachers from elderly schools in Phitsanulok Province, selected through multistage sampling. The research instruments included: (1) questionnaires on current conditions, desirable conditions, and priority needs; (2) focus group discussion records; (3) an evaluation form for the learning management model; (4) a creative writing ability test; (5) a self-esteem behavior assessment; and (6) a questionnaire on opinions toward the learning management model. The experimental implementation lasted 28 hours. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Priority Needs Index (PNI), dependent t-test, and content analysis.

          The research Finding

1. The desirable conditions of learning management aimed at enhancing creative writing ability and self-esteem were rated at a high level overall.
2. The learning management model based on the Four Noble Truths consisted of five main components and was evaluated by experts as being at the highest level of appropriateness.
3. After the implementation of the model, students’ creative writing ability and self-esteem levels were significantly higher than before the implementation at the .05 level, and students’ overall opinions toward the learning management model were at a high level.
4. The learning management model based on the Four Noble Truths was evaluated by teachers from elderly schools as being at the highest level in all aspects of the standard criteria.