ประวัติศาสตร์และศิลปกรรมวัดเชียงมั่น : วัดแห่งแรกของเมืองเชียงใหม่

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze the history and art of Wat Chiang Man as a significant cultural heritage of the Lanna Kingdom. Wat Chiang Man is the first and oldest temple in Chiang Mai, established concurrently with the city's founding in 1839 B.E. by King Mengrai. He dedicated his temporary residence, where he stayed while overseeing the city's construction, to become the first royal monastery and bestowed upon it the name "Wat Chiang Man," derived from the belief that a city must have a temple as its stronghold. This qualitative study employs the analysis of primary and secondary sources, along with field surveys to examine ancient sites and artifacts. The findings reveal that Wat Chiang Man has profound historical foundations. Key evidence includes the Wat Chiang Man inscription, which states that King Mengrai, King Ngam Mueang of the Phayao Kingdom, and King Ruang of the Sukhothai Kingdom jointly established this temple. Furthermore, the evolution of Wat Chiang Man clearly reflects the historical changes of Lanna, from the Mengrai dynasty era to the significant restoration period during the reign of Chao Kawila. In terms of architecture and art, Wat Chiang Man serves as a repository of valuable and diverse works. Key components include the Elephant-surrounded Chedi, an important architectural feature in Lanna art, and precious artifacts such as Phra Setangkhamani (the White Jade Buddha) and the Buddha image in the posture of subduing the elephant Nalagiri. The analysis of these artifacts demonstrates that Wat Chiang Man was a crucial point in the cultural exchange network of Southeast Asia and reflects the multicultural nature of Lanna civilization. As a cultural heritage site, Wat Chiang Man holds multidimensional value as a historical symbol, a center for artistic learning, and a spiritual space. This study recommends developing digital databases, promoting community participation, and creating educational programs for the sustainable conservation and transmission of this cultural heritage. Understanding Wat Chiang Man thus establishes a foundation for culturally valuable development for the future.