TA MUEN THOM SANCTUARY AND THE BORDER: GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL DIMENSIONS

Abstract

This academic article aims to explore and analyze Ta Muen Thom Sanctuary as a border area of significant geographical, historical, and international political importance, focusing on understanding the challenges and opportunities in managing this disputed territory. The sanctuary is situated on the watershed of the Dongrak Mountains, a natural border between Thailand and Cambodia, granting it strategic importance since ancient times as a nexus for trade and religious routes built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII. However, the ambiguity of colonial-era treaties and maps has led to a protracted border conflict with significant impacts on bilateral relations at diplomatic, economic, and social levels. Resolving this issue necessitates comprehensive management approaches, including diplomatic negotiations, clear border demarcation or joint area designation, and the crucial role of international organizations as mediators and facilitators, to sustainably transform this area from conflict to cooperation and peace in the region.