PARTICIPATORY NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE FOUR SOCIAL OBJECTS, PONG DAENG SUBDISTRICT, MUEANG TAK DISTRICT, TAK PROVINCE

Abstract

This research examines various natural resource and environmental management approaches based on the Four Principles of Sangkhahavatthu (principles of social harmony) in Pong Daeng Subdistrict, Mueang Tak District, Tak Province. The study aims to understand how the public can manage natural resources effectively, from a drive-based approach according to the Four Principles of Sangkhahavatthu to a vector-based approach. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Further information includes document observation, in-depth surveys with five key informants, and data analysis from 371 local residents, particularly Taro Yamana. Data is analyzed using descriptive research methods.

          The study found that the management of natural resources and the environment in Pong Daeng Subdistrict relies on participatory processes at every stage, from problem recognition and planning to decision-making and implementation. The application of the Four Principles of Social Harmony (Dana, Piyavaca, Atthacariya, and Samanattata) fosters unity, shared responsibility, and community strength, resulting in efficient and contextually appropriate natural resource and environmental management. Furthermore, the approaches discovered in this research can be applied as a model for developing sustainable natural resource and environmental management in other similar areas, aiming for long-term sustainability.