GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING MONKS AND NOVICES WHO MEMORIZE THE PATIMOKKHA IN UTTARADIT PROVINCE

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) examine the historical background of Pātimokkha recitation as found in Buddhism; 2) investigate the problems and obstacles related to Pātimokkha recitation in Uttaradit Province; and 3) explore guidelines for developing monks and novices who memorize the Pātimokkha in Uttaradit Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed. The sample group consisted of 20 monks, novices, and Pātimokkha reciters within Uttaradit Province. The research instrument was an in-depth interview guide with content validity verified by experts and assessed for question appropriateness. Instrument reliability was established through triangulation to ensure data trustworthiness. Data were analyzed using content analysis in conjunction with contextual interpretation.

The findings were as follows:

1) The Pātimokkha recitation has evolved since the time of the Buddha, originating from the Ovāda-pātimokkha and developing into a systematic codification of training rules. It was designated to be recited on Uposatha days every fortnight in order to regulate the conduct of monks, thereby serving as a means of reviewing the Vinaya, engaging in self-examination, and maintaining the stability of the Sangha.

2) Pātimokkha recitation in Uttaradit Province faces several challenges, including a shortage of monks who have memorized the recitation text and the prevalence of short-term ordination. The difficulty of the Pāli language content undermines learners' confidence and motivation to study, while unsystematic support and limited use of technology result in inconsistent and discontinuous development.

3) A systematic approach to development should be pursued, encompassing the selection of capable candidates and provision of continuous training, the development of appropriate curricula and instructional methods, close supervision by qualified teachers, and the cultivation of motivation. Additionally, the promotion of technological media, the establishment of monitoring and evaluation systems, and the fostering of collaboration are essential to ensure sustainable development.