POLITICAL DYNAMICS AND THE THAI-CAMBODIAN DISPUTE: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE LENS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
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Abstract
This article analyzes the Thai–Cambodian border dispute, particularly concerning the area surrounding the Preah Vihear Temple, through the theoretical lenses of international relations: Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism. It aims to explore the multidimensional nature of power, identity, and institutional cooperation. The dispute, rooted in colonial-era map ambiguities and contested interpretations of the International Court of Justice’s rulings in 1962 and 2013, reflects deeper domestic political dynamics. Both Thailand and Cambodia have utilized the conflict as a political tool amid internal instability. The study also examines the role of international organizations such as ASEAN and the ICJ, whose conflict resolution efforts, while symbolic, lack binding enforcement mechanisms. Finally, the article proposes policy recommendations to transform conflict into cooperation through the establishment of peace zones, people-to-people diplomacy, shared historical education, and constructive media engagement-paving the way for sustainable coexistence between the two nations.
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