ANALYZE BUDDHIST MEDITATION PRACTICES IN THE LANNA VERSION OF THE VIPASSANA MEDITATION SCRIPTURES

Abstract

This research aims to: 1) Examine the practice of Vipassanā meditation within Theravāda Buddhism; 2) Investigate the methods of meditation practice as presented in the Lanna-script version of the Vipassanā meditation manual; and 3) Analyze the Buddhist meditation practices described in the Lanna-script Vipassanā manual. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, focusing on document analysis. It involves a comparative examination between traditional canonical texts and the Lanna-script version of the Vipassanā meditation manual, followed by an in-depth analytical interpretation of the data.

          The findings are as follows: 1) The practice of Vipassanā meditation in the Theravāda tradition emphasizes the development of insight (vipassanā-paññā) through the cultivation of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna).
This practice aims to directly perceive the nature of physical and mental phenomena in accordance with the Three Characteristics (tilakkhaṇa): impermanence, suffering, and non-self. The process follows a systematic approach that includes mindfulness of the body, feelings, mind, and mental objects, offering practical application for personal development and the cessation of suffering. 2) The Vipassanā Meditation Manual in Lanna Script presents a distinct methodology that integrates local religious rituals. The practice begins with devotional ceremonies, emphasizing calmness meditation (samatha) through mindfulness of the body (kāyagatāsati, particularly the 32 parts of the body) and recollection of the Buddha (buddhānussati), accompanied by chanting and recitation with meaning. This is followed by insight meditation, involving analytical contemplation of nāma and rūpa based on Abhidhamma principles and reflection on the Three Characteristics in relation to Nibbāna. Unique features include the use of ritual tools such as prayer beads, specific techniques, and the integration of faith, concentration, and wisdom. 3) The comparative analysis reveals that the Lanna approach aligns with the fundamental objectives, structure, and doctrinal elements of Theravāda Buddhism—particularly the Four Foundations of Mindfulness—while differing in its emphasis on rituals, specific techniques, and integration of local cultural elements. These findings reflect the intellectual heritage and values that are both universal and uniquely local.