DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION IN THAILAND: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND ACTORS
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Abstract
This article analyzes Thailand’s democratic transition through the framework of political structures and actors. It explores the dynamic interaction between institutional power and the agency of political groups in shaping, obstructing, or redirecting democratization efforts from 1932 to the present. The study finds that despite repeated attempts by political actors such as political parties and civil movements to reform the system, entrenched structures including the military, bureaucracy, independent agencies, and economic monopolies continue to dominate and constrain democratic processes. Consequently, Thailand's democracy remains unconsolidated and functions under a hybrid regime. The article concludes with policy recommendations to reduce military influence, strengthen political parties, enhance institutional accountability, and expand participatory space especially for youth in order to foster long-term democratic sustainability.
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