ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPLES OF SAMMAPPADHANNA TO PROMOTE VIPASSANA MEDITATION

Abstract

This research aims to: (1) study the principle of Sammappadhāna as found in the Buddhist scriptures, (2) investigate the practice of Vipassanā Bhāvanā according to the Four Foundations of Mindfulness, and (3) analyze the role of Sammappadhāna in promoting the practice of Vipassanā Bhāvanā. This study is a documentary research that draws on the Tipiṭaka, commentaries (Aṭṭhakathā), and the Visuddhimagga. Data were analyzed using contextual content analysis.

The findings reveal that Sammappadhāna is one of the 37 factors of enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiyadhamma), consisting of four types of right effort: (1) the effort to prevent unwholesome states (Saṃvara-padhāna), (2) the effort to abandon arisen unwholesome states (Pahāna-padhāna), (3) the effort to develop wholesome states (Bhāvanā-padhāna), and (4) the effort to maintain and perfect wholesome states (Anurakkhaṇa-padhāna). These efforts play a key role in supporting Satipaṭṭhāna and systematically enhancing insight meditation. Sammappadhāna functions as the foundation for guarding, abandoning, cultivating, and sustaining wholesome mental states. It also fosters the development of spiritual faculties (Indriya), powers (Bala), enlightenment factors (Bojjhaṅga), and the Noble Eightfold Path, all of which are essential supports leading practitioners toward the ultimate goal of Nibbāna.