Journal of MCU Kosai Review

Transformational Leadership Affecting Active Learning Management of Lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study transformational leadership of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University, 2) study active learning management of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University and 3) study transformational leadership affecting active learning management of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University. The research was survey research. This research was survey research. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The results were found that: 1) the transformational leadership of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University overall were at highest level, 2) the active learning management of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University overall were at highest level, and 3) the transformational leadership affecting active learning management of lecturers at Bangkokthonburi University 3 aspects: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation can be predicted that it will have an effect to lecturers’ learning management for 78.3 percentage at .01 statistical significance.

An Analytical Study of The Relationship Between The Pañca-Sila and The Pañca-Dhamma That Appear in Buddhism

Thananyaram Natjaratchanant, Phrakhru Soondorndhammanithus — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This documentary research aimed to 1) study Pañca-Sīla; 2) investigate Pañca-dhamma; and 3) analyze the relationship between Pañca-Sīla and Pañca-dhamma in Buddhism.

The results were as follows:

Pañca-Sīla refers to ethical behavior in both actions and words, as well as discipline maintenance. The practice of abstaining from evil and controlling oneself to live harmlessly is called Nicca-Sīla. It means the precepts that should be kept constantly, consisting of 1) Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī (to abstain from killing); 2) Adinnādānā veramaṇī (to abstain from stealing, cheating, violating ownership, and damaging property); 3) Kāmesu micchācārā veramaṇī (to abstain from sexual misconduct); 4) Musāvādā veramaṇī (to abstain from false speech); and 5) Surāmeraya majjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī (to abstain from intoxicants causing heedlessness).
The findings of Pañca-dhamma study were as follows. In Buddhism, Pañca-dhamma are practiced alongside Pañca-Sīla, resulting in individual’s progress, safety, and goodness. The elements of Pañca-dhamma are as follows. 1) Mettā-karuṇā refers to loving-kindness and compassion. A person with compassion does not kill or harm others, aligning with the first precept of abstaining from taking life. 2) Sammā-ājīva, it means right livelihood. 3) Kāmasaṃvara (sexual restraint) focuses on mindfulness of the six senses (ears, eyes, nose, tongue, body, and mind) 4) Sacca (truthfulness) refers to truthful and useful speech, aligning with the fourth precept (abstaining from false speech). 5) Sati-sampajañña (mindfulness and awareness) places importance on remaining vigilant and not allowing mind to be controlled by negative influences or addictive substances, aligning with the fifth precept.
The relationship between Pañca-Sīla and Pañca-dhamma in Buddhism can be divided into the following 3 aspects. 1) Causal relationship: Pañca-Sīla and Pañca-dhamma in Buddhist teachings are mutually reinforcing. Pañca-Sīla focuses on limiting negative actions, while Pañca-dhamma helps cultivate morality. Hence, Pañca-Sīla sustainably supports the practices of Pañca-dhamma to provide the greatest positive outcome. 2) Doctrinal relationship: it encompasses fostering ethical behavior and moral development. Sīla serves as a practice framework that controls an individual’s behavior, while Dhamma significantly enhances mind development. 3) Procedural relationship: Pañca-Sīla and Pañca-dhamma, within a family context, are mutually supportive: Pañca-Sīla is a framework to control unhealthy family behavior, while Pañca-dhamma develops internal virtues, resulting in strengthening family relationships. Pañca-Sīla and Pañca-dhamma also play a vital role in social context: following Pañca-Sīla helps control harmful behaviors, while Pañca-dhamma guides individuals towards cultivating positive moral qualities, leading to smooth and sustainable society coexistence.

An Alytical Study of The Tree of Enlightenment That Appears in Buddhavamsa Scripture

Phramaha Suebsak Jotivaro (Khiaysuwan), Phra Rajakhemakorn — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this documentary research were: 1) to investigate the trees in Buddhism; 2) to study the Bodhi trees; and 3) to analyze the Bodhi trees in Buddhavaṃsa. This study draws upon primary sources, including the Tipitaka and the Commentaries, as well as secondary sources, such as documents, textbooks, research studies, and scholarly articles.

The results were as follows:

The tree in Pali, Rukkha, is divided into 2 types: (1) those that grow from an existing tree and (2) those that grow from seed. In Pishita Sutta, six types of plants or trees are identified: 1) all plants, 2) plants that grow from roots, 3) plants that grow from stems,
4) plants that grow from nodes, 5) plants that grow from shoots, and 6) plants that grow from seeds. In Buddhism, 22 tree types are specifically associated with the life of the Buddha: 1) Bodhi tree, 2) sal tree, 3) banyan tree, 4) cornbeefwood, 5) milkey tree, 6) Indian coral tree, 7) black plum, 8) Burmese rosewood, 9) Catechu tree, 10) Siamese neem tree, 11) iron wood, 12) mango tree, 13) Indian gooseberry, 14) orange tree, 15) caper tree, 16) bamboo, 17) cotton plant, 18) sugar palm, 19) bael fruit, 20) bastard teak, 21) red cotton tree, and 22) chebulic myrobalan.
The 17 Bodhi trees in Buddhavaṃsa are as follows: 1) Chinese fig, Bodhi tree of Dīpaṅkara Buddha; 2) Cannonball tree, Bodhi tree of Koṇḍañña Buddha; 3) Alexandrian laurel tree, Bodhi tree of the 4 Buddhas: Maṅgala Buddha, Sumanā Buddha, Revata Buddha, and Sobhita Buddha; 4) Indian laurel tree, the Bodhi tree of Anomadassī Buddha; 5) Wodier tree, the Bodhi tree of Paduma Buddha, Nārada Buddha, and Vessabhū Buddha; 6) Pine tree, the Bodhi tree of Padumuttara Buddha; 7) Siamese neem tree, the Bodhi tree of Sumedha Buddha; 8) Bamboo tree, the Bodhi tree of Sujāta Buddha; 9) Champak, the Bodhi tree of Anomadassī Buddha; 10) Red sandalwood tree, the Bodhi tree of Dhammadassī Buddha; 11) Night-blooming jasmine, the Bodhi tree of Siddhattha Buddha; 12) Indian gooseberry, the Bodhi tree of Phussa Buddha; 13) Jacaranda tree, the Bodhi tree of Vipassī Buddha; 14) Caper tree, the Bodhi tree of Sikhī Buddha; 15) Indian walnut, the Bodhi tree of Kakusandha Buddha; 16) Banyan tree, the Bodhi tree of Kakusandha Buddha; and 17) Sacred fig tree, the Bodhi tree of Gautama Buddha.
To analyze the Bodhi trees in Buddhavaṃsa, the analysis is structured around eight key points. 1) Buddhist importance: according to the Buddhavaṃsa, 17 trees are recognized as the sites of the Buddha's enlightenment, as they hold significance as the place where the Buddha attained enlightenment and discovered the Four Noble Truths. 2) The Bodhi trees are recognized as symbols of enlightenment, the discovery of truth, and spiritual awakening.
3) Symbolic meaning: the Bodhi trees are recognized as symbols of Buddhism, reflecting the importance of trees in terms of places of the Buddha’s enlightenment and auspicious trees of Buddhists. 4) Endurance: Bodhi trees are the symbol of endurance against obstacles and demons. 5) Bodhi trees represent the relationship between nature and communication with nature. This is a consideration of the Bodhi trees' roles in shaping a profound dynamic between man and nature. 6) Bodhi trees are the symbol of prosperity of the Buddha's enlightened wisdom, likened to a seed and a tree that grows and provides shade. 7) Impact on Buddhists: Budhi trees positively impact their mental perspectives, beliefs, ceremonies, and cultures. 8) Philosophical aspects: Bodhi trees are regarded as a supporter of wisdom, a guide to enlightenment, and a symbol of perseverance, leading to the highest spiritual attainment.

The Development of STREAMM Activity Packages for Early Childhood Teachers to Enhance Self-Regulation Skills of Young Children

Ratiros Konngern — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: (1) to develop the STREAMM activity package to enhance self-regulation skills of early childhood learners, ensuring its effectiveness based on the 80/80 criterion; (2) to examine the competency of early childhood teachers in utilizing the STREAMM activity package to promote self-regulation skills among young children; and (3) to investigate the outcomes of enhancing self-regulation skills of early childhood learners through the implementation of the STREAMM activity package. The sample consisted of six third-year kindergarten teachers (Kindergarten 3) from three schools in Lampang province, selected by voluntary selection (two teachers per school), and 102 kindergarten children under their supervision. The research instruments included the STREAMM activity package, an observation form for assessing children’s self-regulation skills, and a self-assessment form for teachers’ activity implementation. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and efficiency indices (E₁/E₂).

The results indicated that

The STREAMM activity package designed to enhance self-regulation skills of young children achieved the effectiveness criterion of 80/80.
The early childhood teachers showed a significant improvement in their competency for organizing learning experiences after implementing the STREAMM activity package. The mean competency score increased from 19.83 (S.D. = 0.82) at pre-implementation to 25.83 (S.D. = 0.58) at post-implementation.
The 102 kindergarten children exhibited higher levels of self-regulation skills after participating in the activities, with mean scores increasing from 3.64 (S.D. = 1.98) at baseline to 7.90 (S.D. = 1.55) post-intervention.

Innovative Leadership of Executives Affecting Effectiveness Human Resource Management in A Case Study of an Organization

Natsiri Promma, Sunitda Tesniyom — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This Article aimed to study 1) The level of innovative leadership of administrators in a case study organization; 2) The level of effectiveness in human resource management of administrators in a case study organization and 3) The influence of innovative leadership of administrators on the effectiveness of human resource management in a case study organization. This study employed a quantitative research design. The population consisted of educational personnel within the organization. A simple random sampling method (lottery technique) was applied, yielding a total sample of 76 participants. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing.

The research findings revealed that:

The overall level of innovative leadership of the administrators was found to be high.
The overall level of human resource management effectiveness was also at a high level.
The correlation coefficients between administrators’ innovative leadership and human resource management effectiveness were 0.646, 0.690, 0.711, 0.756, and 0.652 respectively, indicating a statistically significant .01; The results of the multiple regression analysis further revealed that innovative leadership could predict 58.30% of the variance in human resource management effectiveness (R² = .583). Additionally, the hypothesis testing confirmed that administrators’ innovative leadership exerted a positive and influence on human resource management effectiveness with statistical significance .01.

Good Governance Administration Affecting the Quality of Government Services Pakkret City Municipality Office Nonthaburi

วลัยพร นาครินทร์, Theerapol Karnchanakas — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This Article aimed to study 1) The level of good governance administration at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi; 2) the level of public service quality at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi; and 3) the influence of good governance administration on public service quality at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi. This study employed quantitative research design. The population consisted of civil servants and personnel at Pakkret Municipality. A simple random sampling method using a lottery technique was applied to select a sample of 181 participants. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing.

The research findings revealed that:

The overall level of good governance administration at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi was found to be high.
The overall level of public service quality at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi was also found to be high.
The correlation coefficients of good governance administration are 0.691, 0.763, 0.776, 0.696, 0.739 and 0.784, affecting the quality of government services at Pakkret Municipality Office, Nonthaburi, statistical significance .01. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that good governance administration could predict public service quality at 64.70% (R² = .647). Furthermore, hypothesis testing showed that good governance administration had a statistically significant influence on public service quality at Pakkret Municipality, Nonthaburi, with statistical significance .01.

The The Development of Ecosystem and Community Marketing Management of Community in Phrae Province

พระครูโสภณกิตติบัณฑิต ศรีทา; Teeka Yothapakdee, Khemika Varitwuttikul — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research article were to design a market plan and develop a community market plan, to manage the community market, and to evaluate the results of the development of the ecosystem and the management of the community market in Phrae Province. It was action research. The qualitative research used a structured interview with 25 key informants, focus group discussions with 15 people, and action research with 25 people. The instruments used were in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and assessments. Data collection included interviews, focus group discussions, and assessments. Qualitative data analysis used Content Analysis, action research used mean and standard deviation.

The research result

The results of the market design had drawn up a market plan for Wat Mahapho. As for the results of the market plan development, the plan was improved to be more complete.
The results of the community market management were organized into product zones, price tags, emphasizing the community bringing products to sell, checking for toxic substances, and organizing the product stalls neatly. The collaboration with temples to organize promotional activities, create lines and make parking signs so that nearby communities can produce agricultural products to sell in the market. Marketing promotion, set up a LINE group for the committee and product sellers, and created a market website, to encourage people in the community and nearby communities to bring products to sell. The people were strong and participated as market development committees.
The results of the evaluation of the development of the ecosystem and the management of community markets in Phrae Province, it was found that overall, the average value was at the highest level of agreement, reflecting that people from all sectors participated in developing the market to their full potential.

The Development of Operational E The Development of Operational Effectiveness of Civil Defense Volunteers at the Sathon District Office Bangkok

Chatchai Angsuchetthanond, Khun Ying Natthanon Thavisin — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This Article aimed to study 1) the management of civil defense volunteer operations in Sathorn District, Bangkok; 2) the strengths and weaknesses of civil defense volunteer performance in Sathorn District; and 3) recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of civil defense volunteer operations in Sathorn District. The research employed a qualitative approach. The study population consisted of experts associated with the Civil Defense Volunteer Center in Sathorn District, while the sample group comprised nine purposively selected key informants. The research instrument was a structured interview, and the data were analyzed using content analysis to generate conclusions that address the research objectives.

The findings revealed that

management serves as a critical mechanism for development in preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery.
the strengths of civil defense volunteers include close community engagement, volunteer spirit, and proactive responsiveness to situations, while major limitations involve inadequate equipment, lack of continuous training, unclear legal status, and limited systemic motivation.
policy recommendations emphasize the need for clearly defined roles, development of rescue and communication skills, provision of specialized equipment and budgetary support, establishment of motivational incentives and welfare benefits, as well as promotion of community participation and integration with professional agencies to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of disaster prevention and mitigation

Digital Competence of Lecturers Bangkokthonburi University

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study digital competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University, and 2) study guidelines for developing digital competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. This research methodology was survey research. The population is 1,131 lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. The sample consists of 291 lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. The sample size is determined by comparing Krejci and Morgan's tables. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The results of the research found that

the overall digital competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University is at a high level.
The guidelines for developing digital competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University should focus on developing digital skills that cover teaching, research, communication, and adaptation, supported by appropriate policies and infrastructure to enhance the quality of education in line with the changes in the digital age.

Guidelines For Research Competence Development Of Lecturers Bangkokthonburi University

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) study research competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University, and 2) study guidelines for research competence development of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. This research methodology was survey research. The population is 1,131 lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. The sample consists of 291 lecturers Bangkokthonburi University. The sample size is determined by comparing Krejci and Morgan's tables. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

The results of the research found that

research competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University is at a high level overall.
Guidelines for developing the research competence of lecturers Bangkokthonburi University should be implemented in terms of knowledge, skills, networks, cooperation, use of technology, and effective support systems in order to enhance research potential in line with academic standards and respond to the needs of society.

Development of a document search Development of a document search system for ancient Buddhist scriptures at temples To create a local learning resource in Lamphun

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to 1. To study, collect, and analyze the content of ancient Buddhist scriptures in Lamphun Province, 2. To develop a digital document search system for ancient Buddhist scriptures from temples in Lamphun Province, and 3. Establish a local learning and knowledge transfer resource for ancient Buddhist scriptures of temples in Lamphun Province. This is a qualitative research study. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions, then analyzed using content analysis and presented in a descriptive manner.

The research findings revealed that

Ancient scriptures in Lamphun are diverse in content, language, and inscription materials. They cover basic Dharma principles, Jataka tales, ethics, and local history, reflecting the influence of Theravāda Buddhism from Sri Lanka, which has been adapted to the Lanna context.
The development of a digital document search system facilitates convenient and accurate access to scriptures through keywords, categories, or temple names. This system is designed for searching the Cariyāpitaka scriptures of Wat Ban Hong Luang version, Tambon Ban Hong, Amphoe Ban Hong, Lamphun Province, and the Mūlakammatthāna scripture of Wat Ban Luk version, Tambon Mueang Nga, Amphoe Mueang, Lamphun Province. The system emphasizes ease of use for all target groups.
Establishing a local learning resource center: establishing a learning resource center for ancient scriptures from Ho Trai Hall (Tipitaka Scripture Hall) of Wat Pa Puey, Lamphun, to collect, preserve, and disseminate ancient Lanna scriptures, which represent local wisdom. This initiative encourages genuine community participation, connecting Lanna wisdom from the past to the present, and ensuring its sustainable preservation.

The Reliability of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Cases in Thai Courts

Rathawit Kaewtharom, Vikanda Maifaey — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article, titled "The Reliability of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Trials in Thai Courts," is a documentary research study aimed at analyzing and comparing Thailand's Criminal Procedure Code with German law regarding forensic evidence in criminal trials. This study aims to draw conclusions and provide recommendations for amending Thai law, which will enhance the reliability of forensic evidence in Thai criminal trials.

The research findings reveal:

The reliability of forensic evidence in Thai criminal trials remains questionable. This is because the process for acquiring forensic evidence still has issues with the court's authority to order forensic evidence examination, which is limited by legal rights.
The use of forensic evidence in Thai criminal trials lacks credibility. This differs from German law in that Thai criminal trials do not involve the consultation of experts from multiple parties to provide factual information. This is limited to government agencies with designated responsibilities. Therefore, the court has the discretion to choose whether or not to use it. This affects the weighing of evidence and the balancing of the court's decision-making power, ensuring fairness for all parties before the case is finalized. Furthermore, expert witnesses are not clearly separated from witnesses, as they are considered only a type of witness. Consequently, forensic evidence in Thai criminal trials lacks a credible supporter, affecting the weighing of evidence used in criminal trials.

Enhancing Buddhist-Oriented Youth Volunteer Role Models through Participatory Collaboration with Network Partners for Environmental Development in Phrae Province

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed: 1) to investigate participatory process of developing Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer role models for environmental development in Phrae Province;
2) to enhance Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer role models for environmental development in Phrae Province; and 3) to evaluate the outcomes of enhancing Buddhist - oriented youth volunteer role models through participatory collaboration with network partners for environmental development in Phrae Province. The 33 key informants were school administrators, educators who are responsible for environmental affairs, community leaders, religious practitioners, youth representatives, and scholars in Buddhist studies.
The study employed documentary, qualitative, and action research methods. The research instruments were interview forms, training program, workshop, and assessment form.
The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, while the quantitative data were analyzed using mean

The research Finding

The process of developing Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer role models for environmental development involves a participatory process focusing on developing youth to become role models in volunteer work through collaborative participation with network partners in implementing sustainable environmental conservation and development activities. This process consists of preparation of Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer role models, Buddhist-oriented volunteer activities for environmental development, implementation of Buddhist-oriented volunteer activities, participation of network partners, and expansion of activities for developing Buddhist-oriented youth volunteers.
The development of Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer role models for environmental development through a workshop to understand their roles and responsibilities can contribute to environmental development in Phrae province. The workshop activities include providing knowledge about Buddhist- oriented youth volunteer role models (developing wisdom), offering guidelines for environmental conservation (developing wisdom), organizing activities to cultivate Buddhist-oriented youth volunteers (developing morality, concentration, and wisdom), and engaging in reflective thinking (developing wisdom).
The evaluation results indicated that the participants’ post-workshop knowledge was significantly greater than their pre-workshop knowledge.

A Collaborative Model of Buddhist Youth Volunteer Activities for Sustainable Environmental Development in Phrae Province

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The qualitative study aimed to explore the existing forms of Buddhist-oriented youth volunteer activities through participatory collaboration with network partners for sustainable environmental development in Phrae Province. The data were gathered from 32 key informants using in- depth Interviews, consisting of 2 youth leaders, 4 executive or representative of local administrative organization, 4 community leaders, 3 youth leader parents, 3 religious practitioners, 2 education scholars, 1 representative from Phrae Provincial Child and Youth Council, 3 leaders of youth volunteer work, and 1 religious scholar. They were selected by puposive sampling method. The research instrument were in- depth Interviews, focus groups discussion, and field work. The data were analyzed using content analysis.

The findings were as follows:

The existing forms of volunteer activities consist of three major aspects: 1. Waste disposal, community garbage management innovations, and the prototype community model of ‘Sufficient Living, Adequate Resources, and Well-Being’; 2. Public space management through collaboration between community members and government agencies to ensure sustainable shared use; and 3. Expanding green spaces based on the BCG (Bio-Circular-Green) model to promote a green economy and low-carbon community. Youth volunteer activities reflect three behavioral aspects: altruistic assistance, social sacrifice, and developmental determination, which contribute to the cultivation of civic consciousness according to Buddhist volunteerism, resulting in balanced and sustainable community development.