SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC PARK DEVELOPMENT AS A CATALYST FOR CULTURAL TOURISM IN BANGKOK

บทคัดย่อ

This research aims to: 1) analyze the context and potential of public parks in Thailand conducive to sustainable public park development;
2) synthesize processes for sustainable public park development that support cultural tourism promotion; and 3) create a model for sustainable public park development in Thai cities enhancing cultural tourism. This qualitative study employs thematic analysis to examine sustainable development models for public parks, focusing on physical design and cultural activities. The unit of analysis includes Lumphini and Benjakitti Parks in Bangkok. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and park users, participant and non-participant observations, and document research including park statistics and official reports. Key indicators used to assess sustainability and cultural tourism promotion include green area ratio, number of cultural events per year, community participation levels, accessibility metrics (e.g., proximity to public transit, universal design compliance), and maintenance status of park facilities.

         The findings demonstrate that both parks maintain substantial green spaces and diverse activity zones, with Lumphini Park emphasizing historical preservation and multifunctional spaces, and Benjakitti Park focusing on environmental conservation and cultural programming. These indicators provide measurable evidence of sustainable development supporting cultural tourism. The research findings indicate that both parks possess high physical readiness, with facilities and equipment maintained to support various activities. Although some infrastructure shows aging, it remains functional within budget constraints. Environmental management practices include regular green space maintenance supported by volunteer groups, contributing to park upkeep without additional budgetary burden. Both parks have implemented measures to reduce private vehicle parking and promote public transportation access, supported by nearby electric train stations and improved pedestrian infrastructure. The parks allocate spaces for cultural activities, with Lumphini Park redesigning performance areas to accommodate large audiences and Benjakitti Park dedicating 17% of its area to cultural uses. Future considerations include developing continuous and sustainable cultural tourism programming, informed by community participation and expert input.